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A C-terminal tripeptide fragment of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH). Studies have investigated its potent anti-inflammatory activity mediated through NF-kappaB pathway suppression.
KPV (Lys-Pro-Val) is the C-terminal tripeptide of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH, amino acids 11-13). Despite being only three amino acids, KPV retains the anti-inflammatory activity of the full alpha-MSH molecule while lacking melanocortin receptor binding and melanogenic effects. Its primary mechanism involves direct entry into cells and inhibition of the NF-kappaB signaling pathway, specifically by preventing the nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit. This suppresses transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-8. KPV also interacts with inflammatory signaling through PepT1 transporter-mediated uptake in intestinal epithelial cells.
Getting SJ, et al. Dissection of the anti-inflammatory effect of the core and C-terminal (KPV) alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone peptides. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2003;306(2):631-637.
Key finding: Compared the core and C-terminal (KPV) fragments of alpha-MSH in a murine inflammation model and found the C-terminal tripeptide retained anti-inflammatory activity.
Dalmasso G, et al. PepT1-mediated tripeptide KPV uptake reduces intestinal inflammation. Gastroenterology. 2008;134(1):166-178.
Key finding: KPV was shown to enter colonocytes via the PepT1 peptide transporter and reduce intestinal inflammation in murine colitis models by inhibiting NF-kappaB pathway activation.
| Type | Peptide (tripeptide) |
| Molecular Formula | C₁₆H₃₀N₄O₄ |
| Molar Mass | 342.43 g/mol |
Research Use Only (RUO): This page summarizes published scientific research and is provided for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment recommendations. The compound described carries a Research Use Only designation and is intended for laboratory research use only. It is not intended for human or animal consumption, or for use in the diagnosis, treatment, cure, or prevention of any disease. Consult qualified professionals before making any health-related decisions.